There are three requirements for Article Three of the United States Constitution, which are the requirements that a plaintiff has the standing to sue. They are as follows: Injury-in-fact, Causation, and Redressability The 9th Circuit Court of Appeals has held Article III standing that procedural violations of the FCRA do not constitute actual harm and therefore do not meet the first requirement of injury-in-fact. The court cited the Supreme Court and itself in prior decision